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  • Essay / J. Edgar Hoover Case Study - 1341

    In 1908, United States Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte established the Department of Justice's Bureau of Investigation (BOI). Its purpose was "to investigate violations of laws in the United States and to collect evidence in cases in which the United States is involved." The office's power would be limited because most government departments already had investigative measures in place. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), as it would later be known, turned a corner when Attorney General Harlan Stone named John Edgar Hoover acting director of the FBI on May 10, 1924 (Current Biography 254). In turn, J. Edgar Hoover, by incorporating new scientific advances, reinventing "the agent" and eliminating the gangsters, expanded the story of "It All Started with the Agent." The previous director, William Burns, often hired politicians or unqualified personnel as agents. Hoover, a progressive and reformer, wanted to make the BOI a professional and respected department. He had special agents pass multiple interviews and background checks as well as physical tests to ensure all men were qualified for the position (Current Biography 255). Additionally, he also reestablished legal training by establishing the FBI National Police Academy, in 1935, in Quantico, Virginia, to train not only agents, but police officers from across the country (Kelly 32). This academy trained agents on how to conduct investigations. Agents then took this information and trained personnel in their region (Current Biography 255). This would ensure that techniques learned by the nation's top investigative department would also be shared with officers and facilities across the country. However, this was only half of his original task. His next task was to make the FBI a “scientific and professional law enforcement agency” (Rosenfeld 405). This would involve taking advantage of the latest scientific technologies available. He began by launching a campaign whose goal was to collect the fingerprints of all Americans in order to help protect society and solve crimes (Kylig 179). This is perhaps his most lauded achievement, as fingerprinting is one of the most widely used processes in the justice system. In addition to a fingerprint registry, it also created a crime registry that would collect information from agencies nationwide and publish crime statistics. In the years to come, he would create an FBI crime lab. This made it easier to conduct investigations and examine the evidence more thoroughly. This laboratory was accessible to all law enforcement agencies throughout the country, respectively. Among all these advances, he also established the “Ten Most Wanted” list. This helped the FBI track criminals who posed the greatest threat to society (Kylig 180). This ultimately helped Hoover achieve his goal of creating a scientific and professional law enforcement agency (Current Biography 254; Rosenfeld