The pistil contains the ovules, ovary and stigma (Principles of Flowering 2). Pistil development introduces several evolutionary advantages to the plant. An advantage is that the closed embryo sac has a greater chance of survival due to protection from the outside world. An added benefit is that the pistil allows for increased capacity for fertilization by pollinators (Flowering Principles 3). The stigma contains the area where the pollen lands and the ovary contains the female gametophytes, which allows the production of embryos in a closed and protected area (Principles of Flowering 4). This increases the chances of survival of the