Kaleb Stuart js2286 Social and political philosophyMid-termQuestion 1:The role of virtue in Plato's Republic is to structure the ideal State. Indeed, it is claimed that man, left to his own convictions and externally just, will give in to the temptation to be unjust when it benefits him and when he is certain that he will not let himself be caught. In Book IV, Plato, through Socrates as a character, discusses the virtues that make up this ideal state: wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice. Wisdom, courage and temperance are correlated one by one with the three classes which make up the State. Wisdom is an attribute of the Guardian class, Courage is an attribute assigned to the Warrior class, and Temperance is an attribute assigned to the Artisan class. The class structure looks like a triangle divided into three sections where at the top the fewest members of the ideal state belong to the class. Guardian class. The second section has more members than the upper part but fewer than the base; this class belongs to the Warriors. The final class brings together the largest number of members and is reserved for artisans. People who, by their nature, have the ability to acquire knowledge and understand the consequences of decisions made regarding the state. Armed with this knowledge, these people possess the virtue of wisdom. Plato, like Socrates, argues on the difference between knowledge and wisdom. He says: “There is the knowledge of the carpenter; but is this the kind of knowledge that gives a city the title of wise and good counsel? He then said: “A city should therefore not be called wise because it possesses knowledge which advises the best on wooden instruments.” The warrior class includes members who, no matter the circumstances, their courage cannot waver. Socrates, middle of paper ......is not the rule, the people must obey and not rebel. Interestingly, Hobbes attributes Leviathan's authority as being given by the people, but he asserts that the people have no right to overthrow a ruler who no longer respects the laws of nature described by Hobbes himself. even. Even if man, according to the state of nature, is violent, petty and selfish, why should people be beholden to a sovereign who no longer serves his direct purpose of fulfilling the social contract? Locke would disagree entirely with Hobbes on a ruler's right to power. Locke says: "There is another way in which such a government may be dissolved, and that is: when he who holds the supreme executive power neglects and abandons that office, so that the laws already made can no longer be put to execution; is demonstratively to reduce everything to anarchy, and thus effectively dissolve the government."