Nurse Allison, in the case study, used a wide variety of knowledge to better care for her patients in a holistic approach. In this section, five different types of knowledge will be discussed and explained how Allison used each type to care for her patients. Carper, Van der Zalm, Bergum, and Wolfer described empirical knowledge as "the knowledge that we take to be 'fact,' such as what we read in textbooks or what has been demonstrated by research" (quoted in Bungay , 2005). Allison consistently applied her empirical knowledge throughout her shift. Some examples of applying empirical knowledge in her nursing care included listening to reports and collecting all patient information to determine her priorities for care. Explaining the benefits of a nicotine patch to Mr. Nelson as well as when she determined that Mr. Nelson's oxygen supply and demand was adequate through her assessment of heart monitors, his work of breathing and by observing the color of his skin. Another Kind The knowledge that Allison used in her care of her patients was ethical knowledge. Van der Zalm and Bergum determined that “ethical knowledge represents knowledge that helps us to choose and be responsible for the right action in a situation” (cited in Bungay, 2005). An example of when Allison used her ethical knowledge in her care was when she made the ethical decision about which patient to visit first, namely Mrs. Johnson. This is an example of ethical knowledge, as Mrs. Johnson being the last admitted and having undergone cardioversion forty-five minutes prior, she was Allison's most unstable patient. If Allison had made the choice to assess her other patient's patient first, it wouldn't have been the middle of a paper...for her about how they felt about their hospitalization. Finally, the effects of the The immediate environment plays a role in the interactions between a nurse and then a patient. In the hospital, many foreign sounds such as the call bell and codes ring all the time. Although Allison may be used to loud noises on the ward, for the patients, it's new to them. This may have played a role in Mr Nelson's inability to sleep, which affected his mood. Being in a new environment, especially a hospital, can be confusing for patients and take them out of their comfort zone. References Bungay, V. (2005). Module 1 High-Acuity Nursing Practice [PDF Document]. JL Dehaan, 2012, (ed.). British Columbia Institute of Technology, School of Health Sciences. Retrieved from https://learn.bcit.ca/d2l/le/content/188743/viewContent/1059245/View