IntroductionFor centuries, people at all latitudes have been fascinated by the night sky. The inaccessible stars, the Moon, comets and all the events that occur in the sky have fired imaginations and become symbols of life and death, war, peace and the passage of time and seasons. The movement of the stars was used to establish the time of sowing and harvesting, to prepare for long winters and to try to discover the future and destiny, the eternal unknown destiny of the human race. Three major human groups, the Maya, Aztecs and Zapotecs, populated the central and southeastern regions of Mexico long before Columbus' discovery of the continent. These ancient cultures developed a very complex knowledge of astronomy and built a large number of structures intended to serve as observatories. They made precise measurements and kept records of all important events in the sky. This article will explore some of the most important discoveries of these ancient astronomers and the accuracy of their building alignments. This will also establish the importance of astronomical knowledge in their lives and societies.Part I - The MayansThe Mayan culture occupied the southern part of Mexico and part of Central America. They were the only pre-Hispanic civilization with an advanced written language, a highly developed culture and body of knowledge including the most advanced mathematics, art, architecture and very precise astronomy. The Mayans developed sophisticated hydraulic systems, built extraordinary palaces, and designed and constructed pyramids and buildings intended to be observatories aligned with certain celestial bodies and marking some of the most important astronomical vigils...... middle of paper. .. ...heoCUs/99-01-08.htm>.Ruggles, Clive LN "Ancient astronomy: an encyclopedia of cosmologies and myths." 2005. Google Books. December 2011. Vail, Gabrielle and Christine. Hernandez. “Astronomers, scribes and priests.” 2010. Google Books. .Welser-Sherrill, Leslie. Mayan astronomy. 2007. November 2011 .