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  • Essay / The connection of genes and culture in the physical form of human nature

    One of the most famous American scientists and writers, Edward O. Wilson, in his passage entitled The Fitness of Human Nature, demonstrates that genes and culture are linked to the evolution of man. Wilson's goal is to illustrate that sociobiology is immensely integrated with human evolution. It adopts an informative tone to appeal to a broad audience. Wilson writes an easy-to-read scientific passage that can be understood by a wider audience while demonstrating his credibility as a scientist and writer. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get the original essay Wilson begins his passage by hypothesizing what human nature is, what elements make it up, and stating that humans have a brain that is based solely on its evolution. “It is the epigenetic rules, the hereditary regularities of mental development that bias cultural evolution in one direction rather than another and thus link genes to culture…” (Austin 145). Wilson provides credibility by speaking about a scientific term that is not stored in their vocabulary and demonstrates knowledge of the concept. Wilson also brings up the term "epigenetic rules" to show that it connects the two largest parts of our evolution, but he does so by giving the exact definition of the phrase and immediately states why it appears in the passage. He then says, “…I wish neither to overload the metaphor of the selfish gene nor to minimize the creative powers of the mind” (Austin 145). Likewise, with the previous quote, he uses terminology not used in everyday language justifying his credible journey. This second term is used to indicate that humans have selfish genes. Shortly after saying the term, he concisely defines selfish genes using minimal words and provides a definition at the bottom of the page. Providing background information helps readers learn the material rather than demonstrating unfamiliar concepts without any experience (Cross 9). Wilson does just that to keep his vast audience informed. Additionally, “brains that choose wisely possess higher Darwinian fitness, meaning that statistically they survive longer and leave more offspring than brains that choose poorly” (Austin 145). The word “statistically” stands out and relates to the previous research Wilson has conducted on this topic as a scientist and researcher. He is now getting into the idea that our brains are more complex and different from those of other species. It also introduces another concept from evolution, that of “Darwinian physical condition”. It only states what the human brain has, but then immediately translates what it said. Furthermore, Wilson discovers: “What is truly unique about human evolution, unlike chimpanzee or wolf evolution, is that much of the environment that shapes it has been cultural” (Austin 146). Wilson compares particular human and animal evolutions as if he had studied them, because he knows how they compare and contrast. Shedding light on a comparison between two different ideas can help readers understand what the author is trying to say. Wilson argues that human evolution is unique, and he does so by comparing two different developments. Comparing concepts helps readers understand the idea that human nature is indeed different. Throughout this section, Wilson demonstrates his scientific knowledge of human evolution with an informative tone that helpsreaders to understand the complex ideas of human evolution. After quickly discussing the foundations of human nature, Wilson illustrates what sociobiology is and the procedures for meaningful research. which takes place on the subject. “Sociobiology…offers a key link in the attempt to explain the biological basis of human nature” (Austin 146). As a scientist, he can easily draw connections between two subjects: sociobiology and human nature. When Wilson defines sociobiology, he also adds in “…(or Darwinian anthropology, or evolutionary psychology, or whatever more politically acceptable term one chooses to call it)…” (Austin 146). This addition makes the word more accessible to the broad public. It is therefore easier to grasp. After defining sociobiology, he begins to provide an overview of the research procedure within human studies on page 146. Wilson does this easily because he has experience in human studies and can inform readers about it. Providing an overview can convey a logical flow to the audience and make the research process easier to understand. Wilson also uses organizational strategy: “…organizational strategies are used to build connections and develop relationships between ideas” (Cross 13). Using some type of organizational strategy can help one's audience by learning the material Wilson teaches. To be more specific, “description is an organizational strategy, just like clustering or any other activity that groups concepts into taxonomic categories with common characteristics. Categorizing is a major learning, and ultimately scholarly, activity in disciplines such as botany, zoology, and biology” (Cross 13). Wilson contributes perfectly to his objective, he teaches a biology topic and uses the classification of categories in the text to easily inform the readers. With Wilson's strategies for discussing sociobiology and the procedures implemented in the study of human studies, he once again leaves readers more informed about sociobiology. After a current perspective on human studies, Wilson brings the audience back and discusses the first evolutionary principles that are still in the field of human studies. human evolutionary development. Throughout this section, Wilson summarizes each concept with his information on the topic. It summarizes kin selection, parental investment, mating strategy, status, territorial expansion and defense, and contractual agreement. Wilson demonstrates credibility by posting his information on these principles without using any sources. Additionally, it demonstrates credibility because of its ability to apply these concepts to particular examples and connections. As Wilson describes his knowledge about evolution, he can easily enlighten readers by giving examples and making connections. When Wilson discusses parent selection, he gives the case of two sisters, only one of whom has offspring, resulting in a loss of genetic value on pages 146-147. After mentioning this example, he states an important idea that these genes spread through the population on page 147. Using this type of logical flow helps readers understand when he demonstrates ideas. An example of Wilson using connections is the part where he discusses contractual agreements. He brings together the concept of contractual agreements and the insect status system based on their differences on page 149. Additionally, Wilson can relate these principles to other ideas because he has a background in the study of evolution within different species. If?