Colonial rule in Rwanda began in 1895. It was used as the main governing force at that time and led to the emergence of Rwanda's national identity. During the colonial era, German and Belgian authorities considered the Tutsi, Hutu and Twa as three distinct national groups. Colonial authorities helped the Rwandan monarchy centralize its control and expand its social system throughout Rwanda. This eliminated local social and political variations that had become established earlier in the precolonial period. By creating new state institutions in Rwanda, colonial officials were able to import ideas of nationality associated with the modern nation-state. The resulting social and political issues concern the idea of ​​how Rwandan nationality should be defined. In other words, which ethnic groups should be considered “real” citizens of Rwanda? This concern overshadows the validity of Rwandan national identity. The three ethnic groups present in Rwanda come from a combination of large immigration and several economic and social differences. Traditionally, it is known that the Twa groups were the first inhabitants; the Hutu migrated from the west and the Tutsi followed much later from the northeast. Each group naturally adopted the language and most cultural practices of Rwanda, although they also implemented some of their own. Differentiation between groups only occurred during the colonial period and came primarily from European ideas about race and identity rather than historical cultural patterns. Colonial administrators attempted to organize power in Rwanda along ethnic lines and began instituting policies that made Hutu outcasts and favored the Tuts...... middle of article...... n support of the Government of Rwanda's overall development initiatives, USAID aims to improve the health and living conditions of Rwandans as well as increase economic and political expansion. To achieve this, USAID works to promote improved maternal and child health, agriculture and tourism, a more democratic Rwanda, and to provide food aid to those who suffer most. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) (established by the Bush administration in 2004) works to provide foreign aid to countries in need. Currently, MCC has been working with USAID to obtain approval of the Threshold Country Plan submitted by the Government of Rwanda in November 2007. Once approved, the plan will be implemented by USAID and will focus on amplification of the forms of justice found in Rwanda. ; with civic participation and human and civil rights.