IntroductionApproximately 1,000 brain and nervous system disorders are directly responsible for more hospitalizations and lost productivity than any other comparable disease group. (Shen, 2013, p. 655). Additionally, these disorders prevent criminals from engaging in malicious activities. This inability to distinguish right from wrong results from the disorientation of the individual's conscience when committing a crime. Neuroscience, the study of nerves and how nerves affect learning and behavior, is a relatively new science that can provide the justice system with insight into why criminals act differently from law-abiding citizens in particular scenarios. Neuroscience research shows a strong correlation between brain function and human personality, which includes individual characteristics and cognitive thought patterns. Neuroscience is capable of providing proof of a person's “future dangerousness” in order to prevent future altercations. Understanding the human thought process through neuroscience should be allowed into the courtroom to enable more informed legal decisions and a transition to a more progressive approach to criminal punishment. Background of Neuroscience Neuroscience consists of a large body of research that has led to various discoveries regarding the human brain. The human brain mediates all aspects of the human body. The brain dictates a wide range of functions from emotions and memory to heart rate and blood flow. The brain is also responsible for how we think, believe, dream and even aspire. A human being's reactions to medical treatments are even processed by the brain. The brain is the only organ that performs all the functions that constitute a...... middle of paper ......problems of the brain but will not improve existing legal principles. Legal principles currently in force are assumed to still be in force because they provide us with a common-sense version of justice. Some fear that allowing neuroscience into the courtroom could alter the traditional methods the system has consistently used. New discoveries in neuroscience will not change the law; they will simply transform public opinion on civil liability, leading to more effective court rulings and how to approach more progressive punishment that benefits society. Both prosecutors and defense attorneys will benefit from neuroscience. The main factors lie primarily in the criminal's history, the thoughts and memories of the judge and/or jurors, and the attorneys' ability to apply the best possible case for their client...