The human child comes into the world as a biological organism with animal needs. He gradually transforms into a social being in society and learns social ways of acting and feeling. No individual could become the person and no culture could exist without it. This process of molding and forming the personality of the human infant is called “socialization.” The human infant enters this world as a biological organism, like all other animals, consisting of a collection of muscles, bones, vital organs and all other biological parts necessary for life. At birth, he is just a human being. A human child cannot survive without help for at least the first four or five years of its life. At this stage, the human newborn is helpless. Not only is it physically dependent on older members of the species to satisfy its biological needs such as hunger and protection, but it also lacks the behavioral patterns necessary to live in human society. To survive, the infant has a lot to learn. skills, knowledge and modes of behavior accepted by society. You have to learn a way of life. This learning in sociological terminology is called Socialization. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on “Why Violent Video Games Should Not Be Banned”? Get an original essay Man is not only social but also cultural. It is culture that offers man the opportunity to develop his personality. Personality development is not an automatic process Every society prescribes its own ways and means to impart social training to its new members so that they can develop their own personality. This social training is called “Socialization”. The socialization process is conditioned by culture. Socialization is a gradual learning process. Socialization is not limited to childhood; it is a lifelong process. It is no longer considered the exclusive prerogative of childhood, the main actors of which are the family and the school. Socialization means the child's learning to participate in social roles. Socialization is a life process, but it is generally divided into two parts. Primary socialization occurs early in life, as a child and adolescent. Secondary socialization refers to the socialization that takes place throughout one's life, both as a child and when one encounters new groups that require additional socialization. Socialization is conditioned by culture. Since each society has its own culture, the modalities of the socialization process also differ from one society to another. Furthermore, the same culture and the same modes of socialization can have diverse effects on the development of the personality of members of the same society. Thus, a culture must necessarily produce stereotypical personalities. There is room for individuality in the socialization process. But the fact that culture imposes limits on personality development cannot be ignored. Human behavior is not very instinctive. Human behavior is rather learned behavior. Socialization refers to the process by which an individual becomes a functioning member of society. Learning the rules and practices of social groups socializes the individual. This helps the group maintain its order. Through this process, the individual develops his or her own personality. It is recognized that socialization is not a simple one-way process in which an individual learns to integrate into society. He can also redefine his roles and obligations and, therefore, havean impact on society. Every man tries to adapt to the conditions of his environment. This process of adjustment is itself a socialization. Social order is maintained largely through socialization. Everyone is born with defined abilities. Although there may be certain limitations to what a man can do, this limitation can be overcome and is being overcome through the development of civilization. Man's capacity to learn can be increased by the development of new teaching techniques and incentives. Representations shed light on the study of socialization processes. In this theory of socialization, Durkheim stated that the individual socializes himself by adopting the behavior of his group. By “collective representations”, he meant the set of experiences, ideas and ideals of a group on which the individual unconsciously depends for his ideas, attitudes and behavior. For Durkheim, collective representations are objects or factors of social values. These objects are symbolic products and are mutually owned and mutually proclaimed. Stages of Socialization Socialization is a gradual process of learning; we don't think about everything that concerns social life at the same time in the newborn. We go from simplicity to complexity. Early in life, socialization takes place in the simple and limited social world. Little by little, this social world expands and the child is confronted with several things to learn and adapt. Socialization is not limited to childhood; it is a lifelong process. It is no longer considered the exclusive prerogative of childhood, the main actors of which are the family and the school. It begins at birth and continues until death. Socialization means the child's learning to participate in social roles. The main objects that the child must internalize are therefore the social roles themselves. In order to adequately fulfill a social role, one must know the other social roles in the same social system. The child must therefore internalize the role he himself is supposed to play as well as the role of the other people with whom he interacts. In fact, role internalization is almost the same as personality development. At each stage of socialization, the child internalizes a system of roles, not just a single role. We will now briefly describe four important stages of socialization, from early childhood to old age. These are oral stage, anal stage, latency stage, adolescence stage and oral stage. This stage begins with the birth of the child and continues until the end of one year. Before birth, the child in the mother's womb is in the fetus and is warm and comfortable. During this year of life, the child's contact with the outside world, including with his mother, occurs through the mouth and lips. The mother is the first parent who begins the socialization process. For everything, the child cries a lot. By crying, the child establishes his oral dependence. Here the child develops specific expectations regarding meal time. The child also learns to give signals for his or her felt needs. At this stage, the child is involved with himself and his mother. At this stage, the child makes no difference between people and things; the mother's breast and the bottle's teat are equally and solely means of organic satisfaction. Crying, smiling, and moving your eyes in response to others are forms of early social behavior. The roles of mother and infant merge during development. Sigmund Freud called this stage the “primary identification” stage. This means that the child merges his identity with that of the mother. The childis only trying to establish some control over his hunger drive. According to Talcot Parsons, “the child is a means of recreation for others at this stage. Generally, he can recognize his mother and become happy when he comes into contact with his mother. Anal stage. The second stage normally begins shortly after the first year and ends during the third year. It is here that the child learns that he cannot depend entirely on his mother and that he must take care of himself. Potty training is at the center of new concerns. The child is believed to perform certain tasks such as toileting, keeping clothes clean, etc. During this period, the child learns to eat his food and speak politely. The child develops a feeling of control over himself and his environment, even if he remains dependent on his parents. He begins to recognize family relationships. During this stage, the child internalizes two roles, his own and that of his mother, which he can now clearly separate. The child receives “care” and “love” from the mother and learns to give love in return. The child is able to differentiate between correct and incorrect actions. Correct action is rewarded and incorrect action is not rewarded but punished. At this stage, the socializing agent, the mother, plays a dual role. The mother's dual role helps the child participate in a more complex social system. Latency stage. This stage usually begins from the child's fourth year and extends until puberty (the age of 12 or 13). It is at this stage that the child becomes a member of the family as a whole. It is here that the child must identify with the social role assigned to him based on his sex. In the family, the child learns the status of the members as he now learns different relationships like who is the father, who is the mother, who is the uncle, grandfather, grandmother, brother, sister , etc. During these years, the child's interests change. increasingly from the social world of the family to the group life of one's peers. Social awareness develops rapidly, the main interest lies in activities within the group, and loyalty to the group becomes very important. At this stage, sufficient social pressures are placed on the child to identify with the correct gender. Boys start to be rewarded for acting like boys and girls are rewarded for acting like girls. After the age of six, the child is able to understand sexual difference. The boy tries to identify with the father and the girl with the mother. When children go to school or mix with other children, they prefer to join their respective playgroups. At this stage, the boy realizes three types of identification: 1. He identifies with his father and his brother. 2. He identifies with all his brothers and sisters. 3. He identifies with the family as a member. At this stage, the child learns to behave in different contexts of his activity, especially when interacting with adults. In addition, the child also internalizes the four roles of the family, for example, husband-father, wife-mother, son-brother, daughter. -sister.Adolescent stage.The fourth stage begins with the period of adolescence. Due to the psychological changes that occur within the individual, this stage gains importance. At this stage, it is not possible for parents to control their children because the children think that they are mature enough and need more freedom. At the same time, they cannot completely escape their dependence on their parents. They want to be free to do various activities. But parents continue to control many of their activities. In modern society,.