People generally believe that property values ​​decline when blacks or non-whites move into a neighborhood. However, the real reason property values ​​are decreasing is because white people are moving away and taking their resources with them. White buyers fear that property values ​​will decline rapidly when non-white residents begin moving into a neighborhood. What they fail to take into consideration is that non-white residents may be their socio-economic equals. Instead, they focus on race: they categorize individuals into socioeconomic classes on the basis of race. When whites or well-meaning residents move away, businesses and jobs follow suit, creating makeshift neighborhoods. The term “white flight” refers to racism on a large scale. Unlike individual racism, it reflects disparities in criminal justice, employment, housing and education. Individual racism consists of overt acts and can typically involve things such as violence, death, and destruction of property. This form of racism is obvious and can be reported instantly. Institutional racism, on the other hand, is less overt and very subtle. Institutional racism usually occurs within respected forces in society and therefore cannot be addressed in an obvious way. An example of individual racism would be a black family moving into a white neighborhood and someone damages their property. An example of institutionalized racism would be where black families are forced to live in urban cities and are not allowed to buy homes in white neighborhoods per se. Educational institutions are also an example of institutionalized racism, as in many private colleges diversity was not present and the emphasis on diversity in colleges has only recently become a phenomenon. “It is more difficult for a white student to understand the need that minority students feel to unite against discrimination” (Waters, 1996, 236). Waters points out that often at universities where diversity is not apparent, minority students – Asian, African American, Jewish, Arab and Latino – band together, regardless of race. Quote from Powell in the book describing the advantages of being white in a racist system. is defined as what we call “white privilege” today. White privilege is a term defined as the social privileges enjoyed by people classified as white. The advantages of being white outweigh being a minority in a Western country like the United States. “White Americans of European ancestry can be described as having many choices in terms of their ethnic identity. The two main types of options that white Americans can exercise are (1) the option of claiming a specific ancestry, or simply being "white" or American and (2) the choice of which of their European ancestry to choose d 'include in their description of their own identity' (Waters, 1996, 228). This quote is a good example of what white privilege entails: white Americans are given the option to claim their ancestry or be seen as simply white, while other races are labeled without a choice. For example, if a child's father is black and his mother is white, he will be labeled as a black man regardless of his white half..