Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionheart because of his "reputation as a great military leader and warrior", was the third of King Henry's five sons II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. . Richard the Lionheart had taken command of his army at the age of 16 and his military reputation came from the battles of Poitou, controlling rebellions. A crusade is a “military expedition led by Europeans to retake the Holy Land from Muslims in the 11th, 12th.” , 13th centuries. These holy wars were brutal campaigns launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens, which was the word used for Muslims in the Middle Ages, for many reasons such as politics, religion and social change. The city of Jerusalem had great sacred importance for the Christian religion. The Basilica of the Holy Sepulcher commemorated the hill of Christ's crucifixion and the tomb where he was buried. This is why many Christians made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, but in 1065, three thousand Christians were killed and the rest were persecuted. Once Europe got wind of it, they wanted to fight against it and get out of it....