How have psychodynamic therapies changed since Freud?IntroductionThe psychodynamic theory which was introduced by Freud to understand the human mind and psyche, has reached a new level in the continuing analysis of therapists. Psychodynamics was initially explained as a study of various psychological forces that affect human behavior and are related to early experiences. He specifically discusses the connection between conscious and subconscious motivations. The theory was further analyzed and developed by Melanie Klein, Carl Jung and Alfred Adler. Based on this theory, psychodynamic therapy evolved to help patients through psychoanalysis. Over time, other therapies such as individual, group and family therapy have evolved to provide treatment with a more detailed understanding of today's complexities. The main goal of therapy is self-awareness by identifying the various influences of many past life events. Therapies have been continually evolving since they were introduced by Freud to help resolve a variety of psychological disorders in people. Contemporary Development of Psychodynamic Therapy Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung wrote Psychology of Dementia Praecox in 1907 in which he discussed Freud's concept of psychodynamic thoughts. , however, it incorporated new analysis and research alongside the Freudian literatures. In his discussion he included new concepts such as the totality of the psyche; the individual is composed of ego, collective unconscious, archetypes composed of tensions originating from spontaneity, recognizing the spiritual side of the human psyche (Ballen, 1997). John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth studied imprinting and developed attachment theory. He rejected...... middle of paper ......). Freud Scientifically Reevaluated (1st ed.). New York: Wiley & Sons. Fonagy, P. (1999). Relationship between theory and practice in psychodynamic therapy. Journal Of Clinical Child Psychology, 28(4), 513--520. Freud, S., Strachey, J., Freud, A., Rothgeb, C. and Richards, A. (1953). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud (1st ed.). London: Hogarth Press. Leichsenring, F. and Leibing, E. (2003). The effectiveness of psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of personality disorders: a meta-analysis. American Journal Of Psychiatry, 160(7), 1223--1232. Messer, S. and Warren, C. (1995). Models of brief psychodynamic therapy (1st ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Westen, D. (1998). The scientific legacy of Sigmund Freud: towards a psychodynamically informed psychological science. Psychological bulletin, 124(3), 333.