Ronald S. Crane's essay is about how the literary scholar should be perceived. There are two different ideas: that of the historian and that of the critic. Crane mentions Howard Mumford Jones, placing him at one end of the spectrum. Jones believes that when approaching literature, one must focus on the world and how it is changing, recording all events so that those who follow it can understand and make judgments based on facts. On the other end of the spectrum, Crane places John Livingston Lowes at the forefront, asserting that criticism is the only justification for literature. He is not saying that we should ignore history, but rather use it as a tool to understand human emotion and find its deeper meaning through literature. In Crane's argument for history, he proposes that we ask ourselves what is involved in writing history and apply these findings. to literature, when it is considered a form of art. He says that what we take away from historical criticism is the same thing we take away from any type of historical study: we want to know how humanity has changed. Even though he thinks this is all good, we need to see that it is not the only thing, nor the best, when it comes to literature. In the second section, Crane begins to show his point that literary criticism is superior to that of historical criticism. Crane believes that literature is an art, so before criticizing it, one must appreciate it. Furthermore, he states that art is meant to be appreciated and that those who read literary texts should be sensitive to this fact and therefore cannot simply be "educated men". At the end of his essay, Crane makes it clear that he believes that literary criticism is superior to historical criticism. He believes that students should read literature, not subject matter. His “new critique” follows pluralism and constitutes a fusion of the two ideas stated previously. Crane talks about both literary criticism and historical criticism as a springboard to fully understanding literature and believes that in the future we will be able to decide what constitutes true critical fact rather than all these theories. He says we need to revive the classics and when that happens, the “renewed culture” of reading and writing will begin. According to Crane, this is what any literary criticism worthy of the name should be based on. The spectrum of criticism of the author is vast..