(WEB REF)With the recent rise of "performance" over the last two decades with increasing privatization, it has come under closer scrutiny and subsequently , many attempts have been made to develop more current systems. to performance management. It was considered largely because of the “new public management” trends introduced in the latter part of the 20th century. (OX BOOK REF) The primary focus of performance management has shifted to a top-down approach (holistic approaches), which provides the crucial leadership and guidance the organization needs to ensure that risks are balanced in order to to enable the company to manage and progress in the field. good direction. A bottom-up approach (incremental approaches) can help a company spot a weak operational procedure, escalate the problem to the right level of management, and make the right decision to resolve the problem. (WEB REF MCKINSEY) It is therefore recognized that performance measurement and management are both essential for individuals and