In this section, I will argue that theories of motivation cause difficulties for management because they have different advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, each employee has different desires and self, so the manager must recognize the desire of employees in order to manage them effectively. It has been recognized that desire is the primary driving force and basis of the self (Jackson & Carter, 2006, p. 188). In other words, motivation refers to the psychological forces that regulate the direction of a person's performance in an organization (Jackson and Carter, 2006, pp. 188). There are types of motivation theories that managers can put into practice within the organization; however, it depends on a wide variety of factors, including personal characteristics, the nature of the work, and the nature of the organization (Jackson and Carter, 2006, p. 188). Frederick Taylor's scientific management was strongly influenced by desires. Frederick Taylor, an engineer, discovered that employee desires have an extraordinary impact on company productivity. Before the introduction of scientific management, labor was a weak point for businesses; there were work-related problems such as high absenteeism, high labor turnover, and low productivity (Jackson and Carter, 2000, pp. 81-85). The reasons are that most of the workers were neither trained nor specialized; they were crudely run by bosses and supervisors with virtually no formal preparation for managing individuals (Jackson and Carter, 2000, pp. 81-85). Furthermore, there were generally no formal arrangements for recruitment or sourcing of personnel and many were signed up for basic daily or weekly work without job security (Jackson and Carter, 2000, pp. 81-85). According to Taylor's idea, people should ...... middle of paper ...... use it or not within employees (Stimpson and Farquharson, 2011, p. 161). Therefore, it helps managers recognize their weaknesses such as working conditions, salary, relationships, administration and supervision so that they can progress (Stimpson and Farquharson, 2011, p. 161). However, the weaknesses of Herzberg's theory are that it is too simplistic, overarching and inaccurate under the circumstances since his research was based on questionnaires and interviews with 200 engineers and accountants in western Pennsylvania in the 1990s. 1950 (Nelson, Quick, Wright, Adams, 2012, pp.74-75).Ultimately, motivation theories pose difficulties in application for managers because they have different advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, each employee has different desires and self, so the manager must recognize the desire of employees in order to manage them effectively..