IntroductionThe global demand for oil and gas is increasing dramatically and the exploration of new oil and gas deposits has become a major concern in the world. As a result, it has been estimated that the Arctic region, mainly offshore, holds up to 25% of the world's untapped hydrocarbon reserves, with much of the reserve lying under seasonal or year-round sea ice. Thus, future gas and oil production from the Arctic region could play a crucial role in the gas and oil industry. But any development in this Arctic region carries a high level of risks and uncertainties. Thus, much research work is needed to reveal additional efficient and environmentally friendly drilling and operations in the Arctic region under the most extreme geographical and climatic conditions. Once a discovery has been made, the main concern shifts to identifying the oil and gas extraction and export sector. technologies adapted to Arctic regions. The main possibilities include tankers, export by pipeline or a combination of both. Since transport by tanker may not be possible in the presence of extreme sea ice conditions and a good alternative may be export by pipeline. The pipeline may experience high loads which may be induced by ice digging or scouring, permafrost thaw settlement, strudel scouring and upheaval buckling. Additionally, it may be necessary to cover uneven seabed features. Trenching to a reasonable depth, where the pipeline and surrounding soil can support the imposed loads and stresses, is generally considered the most effective solution. Pipelines must be buried at a depth greater than the maximum expected gouge depth over the design life of the pipelines to protect the pipeline from the risk of puncture or ice scour. Recent research studies have revealed... middle of article ......chanics, Delft University of Technology. King, T., 2011, “Protection of Pipelines from Ice Gouging”, The Journal of Pipeline Engineering”, 2nd quarter. Machin, J., 2011, “The Arctic region from a trench perspective”, The Journal of Pipeline Engineering, 2nd quarter. Palmer, A., 2000, “Are we ready to build underwater pipelines in the Arctic? Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas, May. Palmer, C., King, A. (2004), Subsea Pipeline Engineering, Tulsa, Okla: Pennwell Corporation. Palmer, C., King, A. (2008), Subsea Pipeline Engineering, 2nd edition, Tulsa, Okla: Pennwell Corporation, Surkov, G., Truskov, P., Zemluk, S., Polomoshnov, A. and Astafyev, S ., 2000, “Choosing the optimal underwater pipeline burial profile on the northeast Sakhalin shelf”. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Ice Scouring and Marine Pipelines in the Arctic, Mombetsu, Japan, February 2000, pp.. 207-216.