Nosocomial infectionsNosocomial infections are those that originate or occur in a hospital or similar situation. The development of such infections is favored by a hospital environment, such as that detected by a patient during a hospital visit or that developing among hospital staff. These infections include fungal and bacterial infections. They are mainly caused by the reduced resistance of individual patients. A nosocomial infection is also known as HAI (nosocomial infection). Factors Leading to Nosocomial Infections Factors that lead to the effective transmission of nosocomial infections include: 1. High frequency of pathogens2. High prevalence of compromised hosts3. Effective mechanisms of patient-to-patient transmission These three factors lead not only to a higher likelihood of pathogen transmission within hospitals, but also to the evolution of potentially virulent strains of microorganisms commonly found in hospitals. Nosocomial infections are responsible for approximately 20,000 deaths worldwide. United States per year. Approximately 10% of hospitalized patients in the United States (approximately 2 million each year) acquire a clinically notable nosocomial infection. Transmission of Nosocomial Infections Nosocomial infections are usually transmitted when hospital officials become self-righteous and staff do not regularly practice proper hygiene. Additionally, the increased reliance on outpatient treatment in recent decades means that a greater percentage of people hospitalized today are likely to be seriously ill and have more weakened immune systems than in the past. Additionally, some medical procedures bypass the body's natural protective barriers. Because medical staff move from patient to patient, the staff themselves serve as a means of disposing of paperwork used to treat MRSA infections. Treatment of MRSA infection with vancomycin can be complex due to its inconvenient route of administration. Additionally, many clinicians believe that the effectiveness of vancomycin against MRSA is quite low compared to anti-staphylococcal beta-lactam antibiotics against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Several recently discovered strains of MRSA exhibit resistance to antibiotics, even vancomycin and teicoplanin. . These new developments in the MRSA bacteria have been referred to as vancomycin-moderately resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VISA). Linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, and tigrecycline are used to treat more serious infections that do not respond to glycopeptides such as vancomycin. Current guidelines recommend daptomycin for VISA bloodstream infections and endocarditis.Conclusion:-